Livius GRE 1 Quantitative Reasoning 1 – Test Prep Wizards

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1.
1. Many find it strange that her writing is thought to be tortuous; her recent essays, although longer than most of her earlier essays, are extremely _____.
- A) painstaking
- B) tedious
- C) insightful
- D) sophisticated
- E) clear
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2.
2. Most spacecraft are still at little risk of collision with space debris during their operational lifetimes, but given the numbers of new satellites launched each year, the orbital environment in the future is likely to be less _____.
- A) crowded
- B) invulnerable
- C) protected
- D) polluted
- E) benign
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3.
3. The author presents the life of Zane Grey with _____ unusual in a biographer: he is not even convinced that Grey was a good writer.
- A) a zeal
- B) a deftness
- C) a detachment
- D) an eloquence
- E) an imaginativeness
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- A) missing from
- B) valued in
- C) crucial to
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- D) beautiful
- E) commonplace
- F) complex
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- A) discussed
- B) disparaged
- C) disregarded
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- D) disappear
- E) emerge
- F) coalesce
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- A) inscrutability
- B) venality
- C) impudence
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- D) brazen
- E) courteous
- F) predictable
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- A) amazes
- B) pleases
- C) nettles
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- D) exposition
- E) objurgation
- F) observation
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- G) contemptuous
- H) indifferent
- I) insincere
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- A) casual
- B) prescient
- C) clearheaded
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- D) threatened
- E) plentiful
- F) unfamiliar
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- G) ignore
- H) discern
- I) dismiss
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9.
9. The passage suggests that the history of criminal law in early modern England differs from the history of civil law during that same period in that the history of criminal law
- A) is of more intellectual interest to historians and their readers
- B) has been studied more thoroughly by historians
- C) is more relevant to general social history
- D) involves the study of a larger proportion of the population
- E) does not require the mastery of an extremely formal system of procedures
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10.
10. The author of the passage mentions the occupations of those involved in civil litigation in early modern England most likely in order to
- A) suggest that most historians’ assumptions about the participants in the civil legal system during that period are probably correct
- B) support the theory that more people participated in the civil legal system than the criminal legal system in England during that period
- C) counter the claim that legal issues reveal more about a country’s ordinary citizens than about its elite
- D) illustrate the wide range of people who used the civil legal system in England during that period
- E) suggest that recent data on people who participated in early modern England’s legal system may not be correct
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11.
11. The author of the passage suggests which of the following about the “widespread assumption” (line 15 )?
- A) Because it is true, the history of civil law is of as much interest to historians focusing on general social history as to those specializing in legal history.
- B) Because it is inaccurate, the history of civil law in early modern England should enrich the general historical scholarship of that period.
- C) It is based on inaccurate data about the propertied male elite of early modern England.
- D) It does not provide a plausible explanation for historians’ failure to study the civil law of early modern England.
- E) It is based on an analogy with criminal law in early modern England.
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12.
12. The author discusses “the standard view” (line 14 ) most likely in order to identify a view that
- A) explains the occurrence of the chain of events described in the passage
- B) provides a summary of the chain of events described in the passage
- C) is called into question by the chain of events described in the passage
- D) advocates reassessment of the widely held belief described in the passage
- E) is undermined by the widely held belief described in the passage
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13.
13. According to the passage, which of the following is a widely held belief about geese?
- A) They are not often seen grazing in coastal salt marshes.
- B) They are not the primary consumers in salt-marsh ecosystems.
- C) They play only a minor role in the productivity of salt-marsh ecosystems.
- D) They are the primary determinants of which resources will thrive in coastal salt marshes.
- E) They control the productivity of salt-marsh ecosystems through a bottom-up process.
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14.
14. Which of the following, if true, most weakens the editorial’s argument?
- A) Complaints of official corruption in city government have decreased since the anticorruption task force began operating.
- B) Former mayor Bixby did not publicly oppose Mayor Stephens’ establishment of the anticorruption task force.
- C) Almost all of the officials who have served in city government for any length of time are appointees of Mayor Bixby.
- D) All of the members of the anticorruption task force had other jobs in city government before the task force was formed.
- E) During the last mayoral election campaign, then–Mayor Bixby hotly disputed the current mayor’s claim that there was widespread corruption in city government.
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15.
15. The slower-learning monkeys searched _____ but unintelligently: although they worked closely together, they checked only the most obvious hiding places.
- A) competitively
- B) impulsively
- C) cooperatively
- D) deviously
- E) craftily
- F) harmoniously
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16.
16. By about age eight, children’s phonetic capacities are fully developed but still _____; thus children at that age can learn to speak a new language with a native speaker’s accent.
- A) plastic
- B) vestigial
- C) inarticulate
- D) unformed
- E) nascent
- F) malleable
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17.
17. In medieval philosophy every physical phenomenon is presumed to have some determinate cause, leaving no place for _____ in the explanation of particular events.
- A) happenstance
- B) chance
- C) error
- D) experience
- E) context
- F) miscalculation
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18.
18. Although the film is rightly judged imperfect by most of today’s critics, the films being created today are _____ it, since its release in 1940 provoked sufficient critical discussion to enhance the intellectual respectability of cinema considerably.
- A) beholden to
- B) indebted to
- C) derivative of
- D) based on
- E) distinguishable from
- F) biased against
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19.
19. The detective’s conviction that there were few inept crimes in her district led her to impute some degree of _____ to every suspect she studied.
- A) deceit
- B) acumen
- C) duplicity
- D) shrewdness
- E) evasiveness
- F) equivocation
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20.
20. According to the passage, the phenomenon of olfactory adaptation may cause individuals who are reexposed to an odorous environment after an extended absence to
- A) experience a heightened perception of the odor
- B) perceive the odor as being less intense than it was upon first exposure
- C) return to their original level of perception of the odor
- D) exhibit a decreased tolerance for the odorous environment
- E) experience the phenomenon of adaptation in other sensory systems
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21.
21. The passage asserts which of the following about the exposures involved in the “research on olfactory adaptation” (line 11 )?
- A) The exposures are of long enough duration for researchers to investigate many aspects of olfactory adaptation.
- B) The exposures have rarely consisted of reexposures following extended absences from the odorous environment.
- C) The exposures are intended to reproduce the relatively transient olfactory changes typical of exposures to odors in natural environments.
- D) Those exposures of relatively short duration are often insufficient to produce the phenomenon of receptor fatigue in study subjects.
- E) Those exposures lasting several hours produce reductions in receptors in the olfactory epithelium that are similar to the reductions caused by prolonged odor stimulation.
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22.
22. The author of the passage discusses “receptor fatigue” (line 24 ) primarily in order to
- A) explain the physiological process through which long-lasting reductions in response are thought to be produced
- B) provide an example of a process that subjects would probably not experience during a prolonged period of odorant stimulation
- C) help illustrate how the information gathered from most olfactory research may not be sufficient to describe the effects of extended exposures to odors
- D) ishow how studies of short-term olfactory adaptation have only accounted for the reductions in response that follow relatively brief absences from an odorous environment
- E) qualify a statement about the severity and duration of the perceptual changes caused by exposure to chronically present ambient odors
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23.
23. The passage suggests that an adherent to the “orthodox position” (line 3 ) would agree with which of the following statements?
- A) Northern Renaissance prints should be regarded as passive representations of their time.
- B) Northern Renaissance prints were part of a campaign aimed at altering contemporary thinking.
- C) Northern Renaissance prints provide reliable records of contemporary events, opinions, and beliefs.
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24.
24. Replacement of the word “passive” (line 5 ) with which of the following words results in the least change in meaning for the passage?
- A) disinterested
- B) submissive
- C) flaccid
- D) supine
- E) unreceptive
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25.
25. Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?
- A) The levels of the compounds typically used in boat paints today are lower than they were in boat paints manufactured a decade ago.
- B) In high concentrations, the compounds are toxic to many types of marine animals.
- C) The compounds break down into harmless substances after a few months of exposure to water or air.
- D) High tissue levels of the compounds have recently been found in some marine animals, but there is no record of any of those animals dying in unusually large numbers recently.
- E) The compounds do not leach out of the boat paint if the paint is applied exactly in accordance with the manufacturer’s directions.
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1. This filmmaker is not outspoken on political matters: her films are known for their aesthetic qualities rather than for their _____ ones.
- A) polemical
- B) cinematic
- C) narrative
- D) commercial
- E) dramatic
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2. James Boswell’s Life of Samuel Johnson is generally thought to have established Boswell as the first great modern biographer; yet the claim of _____ could be made for Johnson himself as author of a life of Richard Savage.
- A) partisanship
- B) omniscience
- C) precedence
- D) opportunism
- E) perseverance
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- A) susceptible to
- B) unaware of
- C) irritated at
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- D) complimented
- E) panned
- F) overlooked
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- A) a withdrawal
- B) an obscuring
- C) a discontinuity
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- D) incompatible
- E) sympathetic
- F) interminable
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- A) quirkiness
- B) preeminence
- C) maladroitness
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- D) galvanize
- E) befriend
- F) beguile
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- A) diffident
- B) eccentric
- C) arrogant
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- D) prickly
- E) solicitous
- F) phlegmatic
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- G) dispel
- H) fulfill
- I) accentuate
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- A) deep
- B) portentous
- C) banal
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- D) consequence
- E) antiquity
- F) simultaneity
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- G) elusive
- H) contemporary
- I) circumstantial
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- A) substantiates
- B) undermines
- C) overlooks
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- D) forgo
- E) articulate
- F) conceal
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- G) conscience
- H) focus
- I) posturing
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9. The passage is primarily concerned with
- A) tracing how Behn’s view of the nature of tragedy changed over time
- B) explaining one author’s view of Behn’s contribution to the development of an emerging literary form
- C) differentiating between the early and the late literary works of Behn
- D) contrasting the approaches to tragedy taken by Behn and by Dryden
- E) presenting one scholar’s explanation for a major development in Behn’s literary career
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10.
10. The passage suggests that Carnell sees Behn’s novels featuring male protagonists as differing from dramatic tragedies such as Dryden’s featuring male protagonists in that the former
- A) depict these characters as less than heroic in their public actions
- B) emphasize the consequences of these characters’ actions in the private sphere
- C) insist on a parallel between the public and the private spheres
- D) are aimed at a predominantly female audience
- E) depict family members who disobey these protagonists
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11.
11. The passage suggests that Carnell believes Behn held which of the following attitudes about the relationship between the private and public spheres?
- A) The private sphere is more appropriate than is the public sphere as the setting for plays about political events.
- B) The structure of the private sphere should not replicate the hierarchical order of the public sphere.
- C) Actions in the private sphere are more fundamental to ensuring the good of the nation than are actions in the public sphere.
- D)Crimes committed in the private sphere are likely to cause tragedy in the public sphere rather than vice versa.
- E) The private sphere is the mirror in which issues affecting the public sphere can most clearly be seen.
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12.
12. It can be inferred from the passage that the “artificial distinction” (lines 53-54 ) refers to the
- A) practice utilized in dramatic tragedies of providing different structural models for the public and the private spheres
- B) ideology of many dramatic tragedies that advocate passive obedience only in the private sphere and not in the public sphere
- C) convention that drama ought to concern events in the public sphere and that novels ought to concern events in the private sphere
- D) assumption made by the authors of conventional dramatic tragedies that legitimate tragic action occurs only in the public sphere
- E) approach taken by the dramatic tragedies in depicting male and female characters differently, depending on whether their roles were public or private
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14.
14. In the context in which it appears, “amplifies” ( line 11 ) most nearly means
- A) exacerbates
- B) explicates
- C) expatiates
- D) adds detail to
- E) makes louder
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15.
15. Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
- A) The number of deer hit by commercial vehicles will not increase significantly when the housing is occupied.
- B) Deer will be as attracted to the forest edge around new houses as to the forest edge alongside roads.
- C) In years past, the annual number of deer that have been hit by cars on existing roads through Pataska Forest has been very low.
- D) The development will leave sufficient forest to sustain a significant population of deer.
- E) No deer hunting will be allowed in Pataska Forest when the housing is occupied.
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16.
16. Female video artists’ rise to prominence over the past 30 years has _____ the ascent of video as an art form: it is only within the past three decades that video art has attained its current, respected status.
- A) matched
- B) politicized
- C) paralleled
- D) obviated
- E) accelerated
- F) forestalled
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17.
17.The report’s most significant weakness is its assumption that the phenomenon under study is _____ , when in reality it is limited to a specific geographic area.
- A) unusual
- B) exceptional
- C) ubiquitous
- D) absolute
- E) universal
- F) restricted
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18.
18. The spy’s repeated bungling was, above all else, _____ those who wished to thwart her efforts, since it was so unpredictable as to obscure any pattern that might otherwise lead to her capture.
- A) an obstacle to
- B) a signal to
- C) a hindrance to
- D) an indication for
- E) a snare for
- F) a boon to
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19.
19. Each member of the journalistic pair served as _____ the other: each refrained from publishing a given piece if the other doubted that it was ready to be printed.
- A) a check on
- B) an advocate for
- C) an impediment to
- D) a brake on
- E) an apologist for
- F) an intermediary for
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20.
20. The author of the passage refers to the use of honey primarily to
- A) identify the origins of an additive previously untried by Europeans
- B) present an example of a product that was unknown to Europeans
- C) correct the misapprehension that Mesoamericans used a sweetener that was not available in Europe
- D) provide an example of an ingredient that was in the process of being displaced by a substitute
- E) explain why the Spanish use of sugar in chocolate was not a sign of a need to transform chocolate
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21.
21. Which sentence presents a misconception that the passage challenges?
- A) The second (“There is . . . . appetizing”)
- B) The third (“However . . . . innovative”)
- C) The fourth (“Mesoamericans . . . . one”)
- D) The fifth (“Likewise . . . . flowers”)
- E) The sixth (“There is . . . . chocolate”)
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22. The passage suggests that which of the following could help remedy the problem described in the final sentence (lines 14-17)?
- A) An article written by a biologist for the general public summarizing current theories about avian and dinosaurian evolution
- B) A close examination of available data on avian and dinosaurian evolution
- C) A new hypothesis regarding the connection between avian and dinosaurian evolution
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23. In the context in which it appears, “sensational” ( line 16) most nearly means
- A) dramatic
- B) false
- C) excellent
- D) eminent
- E) horrifying
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24.
24. In the context of the passage as a whole, the primary function of the sentence in lines 10-12 (“ It is . . . men”) is to
- A) emphasize the influence of a particular social class on the conventions of eighteenth-century English portraiture
- B) account for the origin of a particular type of behavior frequently represented in eighteenth-century English portraiture
- C) acknowledge a historical basis for two competing hypotheses about a particular portrait type
- D) question the relevance of certain evidence frequently cited in support of an explanation for a particular portrait type
- E) concede that one explanation for the prevalence of a particular portrait type has a basis in fact
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25. Which of the following might provide an explanation for the popularity of hand-in portraits that would satisfy the author of the passage?
- A) An eighteenth-century English etiquette manual discussing the social implications of the “hand-in” stance
- B) A comprehensive catalogue of eighteenth-century English portraits that showed what proportion of portraits depicted gentlemen in the “hand-in” stance
- C) A passage from an eighteenth-century English novel in which a gentleman considers what stance to adopt when his portrait is painted
Section 5: Quantitative Reasoning
This section has 40 minutes and 25 questions.
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These notes are always available by clicking the "Notes" button at the bottom of the page

For each question, indicate the best answer, using the directions given.

Notes:
- All figures are assumed to lie in a plane unless otherwise indicated.
- Geometric figures, such as lines, circles, triangles, and quadrilaterals, are not necessarily drawn to scale. That is, you should not assume that quantities such as lengths and angle measures are as they appear in a figure. You should assume, however, that lines shown as straight are actually straight, points on a line are in the order shown, and more generally, all geometric objects are in the relative positions shown. For questions with geometric figures, you should base your answers on geometric reasoning, not on estimating or comparing quantities by sight or by measurement.
- Coordinate systems, such as xy-planes and number lines, are drawn to scale; therefore, you can read, estimate, or compare quantities in such figures by sight or by measurement.
- Graphical data presentations, such as bar graphs, circle graphs, and line graphs, are drawn to scale; therefore, you can read, estimate, or compare data values by sight or by measurement.
For each of Questions 1 to 9, compare Quantity A and Quantity B, using additional information centered above the two quantities if such information is given. Select one of the following four answer choices and fill in the corresponding circle to the right of the question.

(A) Quantity A is bigger.
(B) Quantity B is bigger.
(C) The two quantities are equal.
(D) The relationship cannot be determined from the information given.

A symbol that appears more than once in a question has the same meaning throughout the question.
Using the Calculator: Sometimes the computations you need to do in order to answer a question in the Quantitative Reasoning measure are somewhat time-consuming, like long division, or involve square roots. For such computations, you can use a basic four-function calculator with a square root function and with buttons for memory.

An acceptable calculator can be accessed by clicking the "Calculator" button at the bottom of the page. Please note this will open a calculator in a popup window.

Should you need directions for Numerical Entry questions, they can be accessed by clicking the "Numerical Entry Directions" button at the bottom of the page.

(A) Quantity A is bigger.
(B) Quantity B is bigger.
(C) The two quantities are equal.
(D) The relationship cannot be determined from the information given.
- Question 1
  - A
  - B
  - C
  - D
- Question 2
  - A
  - B
  - C
  - D
- Question 3
  - A
  - B
  - C
  - D

(A) Quantity A is bigger.
(B) Quantity B is bigger.
(C) The two quantities are equal.
(D) The relationship cannot be determined from the information given.
- Question 4
  - A
  - B
  - C
  - D
- Question 5
  - A
  - B
  - C
  - D
- Question 6
  - A
  - B
  - C
  - D

(A) Quantity A is bigger.
(B) Quantity B is bigger.
(C) The two quantities are equal.
(D) The relationship cannot be determined from the information given.
- Question 7
  - A
  - B
  - C
  - D
- Question 8
  - A
  - B
  - C
  - D
- Question 9
  - A
  - B
  - C
  - D

- For the following question, use the grid to enter your answer.
- 10.
- Male Employees
  Please enter a number from -99999999 to 99999999.
- 11.
  - 1
  - 0
  - -1
  - -2
  - -3
- 12.
  - $27
  - $36
  - $54
  - $90
  - $180
- 13.
  - 7.0
  - 8.4
  - 12.3
  - 14.0
  - 16.8

- For the following question, use the grid to enter your answer.
- 14
- Give your answer as a fraction (Use "/" key)
  Please enter a number from -999000 to 999000.
- For the following question, select all the answer choices that apply.
- 15.
- 16.

- Questions 17 to 20 are based on the following data.
- 17.
  - 67.6%
  - 68.0%
  - 70.0%
  - 70.7%
  - 72.7%
- For the following question, select all the answer choices that apply.
- 18.
  - In 2000 France’s gasoline tax revenue as a percent of its total tax revenue was greater than 20.4 percent.
  - In 2000 the price per gallon of gasoline was greater in Norway than it was in Spain.
  - In 2000 Germany’s gasoline tax revenue was more than 3 times its tobacco tax revenue.
- 19.
  - 10%
  - 20%
  - 30%
  - 40%
  - 50%
- 20.
  - $10 billion
  - $20 billion
  - $30 billion
  - $40 billion
  - $50 billion

- 21.
  - 75
  - 81
  - 87
  - 93
  - 99
- 22.
  - 16
  - 24
  - 32
  - 36
  - 45
- 23.
  - 1/7
  - 2/7
  - 3/7
  - 4/7
  - 5/7
- For the following question, select all the answer choices that apply.
- 24.
  - 1
  - 2
  - 3
  - 4
  - 5
  - 6

25.
- $27,000
- $30,000
- $67,500
- $109,800
- $135,000
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13.
13. The passage mentions which of the following as adversely affecting the accuracy of computer predictions of climate change?
- A) Failure to allow for some of the processes that influence climate
- B) Mathematical equations that do not accurately reflect natural phenomena
- C) An overestimate of the role of feedback cycles

Numeric Entry Directions

Answer